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Texas is a state located in the Southern and Western regions of the United States of America. With an area of 268,581 square miles (695,622 km²) and a population of 22.8 million in 254 counties, the state is second-largest in both area and population—behind Alaska and California, respectively. One out of two Texans reside in the metropolitan areas of Houston and Dallas–Fort Worth.
The state's name derives from a word in the Caddoan language of the Hasinai: táysha?, tecas, or tejas; meaning "those who are friends," "friends," or "allies." Texas declared its independence from Mexico in 1836 and existed as the independent Republic of Texas for nearly a decade. In 1845, it joined the United States as the 28th state.
Texas is internationally known for its energy and aeronautics industries, and for its ship channel at the Port of Houston—the largest in the U.S. in international commerce and the sixth-largest port in the world. The state is home to numerous Fortune 500 companies located in major metropolitan areas. The Texas Medical Center contains the world's largest concentration of research and healthcare institutions.